vault backup: 2026-03-19 19:56:47

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parent 39bf53751c
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[ [
"obsidian-git" "obsidian-git",
"obsidian-linter"
] ]

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# Guide Complet : Créer son premier circuit avec KiCad 9.0
### 1. Création du Projet
Avant de dessiner, il faut créer un "dossier parent" qui contiendra tous vos fichiers.
- **Lancer KiCad** et cliquez sur **Fichier > Nouveau projet**.
- **Emplacement :** Choisissez un dossier dédié (ex: `Documents/KiCad_Projets/MonPremierCircuit`).
- **Fichiers créés :** KiCad génère automatiquement un fichier `.kicad_sch` (le schéma) et un fichier `.kicad_pcb` (le circuit imprimé).
---
### 2. Le Schéma Électrique (Éditeur de schémas)
Double-cliquez sur le fichier `.kicad_sch`. C'est ici que l'on définit la logique du circuit.
- **Ajouter des composants :** Cliquez sur l'icône **Placer un symbole** (ou appuyez sur la touche `A`).
- _Astuce :_ La recherche est en anglais. Tapez `R` pour une résistance, `C` pour un condensateur, `LED` pour une diode électroluminescente.
- **Ajouter l'alimentation :** Utilisez l'icône **Placer un port d'alimentation** (juste en dessous du symbole classique ou touche `P`). Cherchez `VCC` ou `+5V` et `GND` (la masse).
- **Câblage :** Utilisez l'outil **Placer un fil** (touche `W`) pour relier les broches des composants entre elles.
- **Raccourcis indispensables :**
- `R` : Rotation du composant.
- `M` : Déplacer (Move) le composant.
- `C` : Copier le composant.
- `Suppr` : Supprimer.
---
### 3. Vérification et Empreintes (Footprints)
C'est l'étape cruciale pour les débutants. Un symbole (ex: une résistance) doit être lié à une **empreinte** physique (la taille réelle de la résistance sur la carte).
1. **Annotation :** Cliquez sur l'icône "Annoter le schéma" pour que vos composants s'appellent R1, R2, etc., au lieu de R?.
2. **Assigner les empreintes :** Cliquez sur l'icône **Attribuer les empreintes**.
- Pour un débutant, cherchez les bibliothèques **THT** (_Through-Hole Technology_). Ce sont les composants à trous, plus faciles à souder que les CMS (composants de surface).
3. **Vérification (ERC) :** Cliquez sur l'icône "Exécuter le test de règles électriques" (le petit scarabée avec une coche verte). KiCad vous dira si vous avez oublié de relier un fil ou si vous avez créé un court-circuit.
---
### 4. Le Circuit Imprimé (Éditeur de PCB)
Une fois le schéma fini, double-cliquez sur le fichier `.kicad_pcb`.
- **Importer le travail :** Cliquez sur l'icône **Mettre à jour le PCB à partir du schéma** (ou touche `F8`). Vos composants apparaissent liés par des "chevelus" (traits élastiques fins).
- **Placer les composants :** Disposez-les pour qu'ils prennent le moins de place possible et que les fils ne s'entremêlent pas trop.
- **Tracer les pistes :**
- Sélectionnez la couche **F.Cu** (Front - dessus, rouge) ou **B.Cu** (Bottom - dessous, bleu).
- _Note :_ Pour un circuit simple face fait maison, on utilise souvent uniquement le **Bottom (Bleu)**.
- Utilisez l'outil **Tracer des pistes** (touche `X`). KiCad vous guide pour relier les points qui doivent l'être.
---
### 5. Finalisation et Export (Gerber)
Avant de fabriquer la carte, il faut définir ses bords.
1. **Bords de carte :** Sélectionnez la couche **Edge.Cuts** (jaune). Utilisez l'outil ligne ou rectangle pour dessiner le contour final de votre circuit.
2. **Visualisation 3D :** Allez dans **Affichage > Visionneuse 3D** pour admirer votre futur circuit.
3. **Exportation (Gerber) :** Pour faire fabriquer votre carte en usine :
- **Fichier > Tracer...**
- Sélectionnez le format **Gerber**.
- Cliquez sur **Tracer** (pour les pistes) et **Générer les fichiers de perçage** (indispensable pour les composants THT).
- Mettez tous ces fichiers dans un dossier `.zip` : c'est ce fichier que vous enverrez au fabricant.

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Kikad
version utilisée kikad 9.0
sélection d'un template ou repartir de zero
nouveau projet. on indique ou on enregistre le projet (de préfénce dans project/....)
de base feux fichiers apparaisse sch et pcb
sch permet d'indiquer quels composants déployer
une page blanche apparait, utiliser "placer symbole", utiliser la fenetre choisir symbole pour selectionner le composant. il suffit de le positionner. attentnion la recherche est en anglais
les alimentations, sont a positionner avec le symbole en dessous de "placer un symbole
on peut faire une selection multiple des composants et les deplacer (m), supprimer, rotation (r)
on peut faire une simulation avec le bouton ... il permet d'evaluer le schema electrique
les composants THT sont les composants traversants
ok
il faut importer les composants dans le pcb . "mise à jour du pcb..."
bien choisir bottom pour tracer le circuit en dessous